Quantum computing is not like the normal computing we use in our day-to-day lives. This computing style is used to channel principles and mechanisms of quantum mechanics. One major difference between the usual computing and quantum computing is that classical computing uses bits as the unit of information whereas quantum computing uses quantum bits shortened as qubits.
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The first quantum computer was designed and built in the year 1998 by Isaac Chaung, Neil Gershenfeld, and, Mark Kubinec of about 2 qubits. They dissolved many chloroform molecules in water at room temperature. A magnetic field was applied to the molecules to spin them and it was followed by an algorithm to perform a function.
Major aspects of quantum computing are:
1. Entanglement- This signifies that one qubit is related to another and they are affected by each other even when distance apart. The qubits are made of protons, electrons, ions, and atoms whereas, binary bits are silicon chip-based. These computers can perform multiple functions simultaneously.
2. Superposition- means that the qubits can be present in many states due to which many problems can be solved at a single time. The concept of superposition goes beyond the logic of binary.
3. Quantum gates- They are the fundamental blocks of quantum computing and they operate the qubits to perform functions. Various types of quantum gates are X-gate, Y-gate, Z-gate, CNOT Gate, and SWAP Gate.
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The algorithms in quantum computing are input by a user and it performs various algorithms by creating a multidimensional space environment. Quantum computing can perform many functions such as cryptography, optimisation, molecular simulation, probability, and research.
Quantum computing has applications in fluid dynamics, nuclear designs and simulations, and carbon management. Let me share an example that stimulates the nuclear reactions to be performed practically. This computer requires an extremely cold temperature of -273 C as the sub-atomic particles need to be in a stationary phase.
Advantages of quantum computing:
1. Many functions can be performed at the same time and faster than classical computing.
2. This computing is more powerful and can perform complex problems.
3. It plays a very vital role in scientific research.
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Disadvantages of quantum computing:
1. It has a higher rate of errors and the errors are more often.
2. The computing is much more complex than the classical computer.
3. It is expensive to establish and maintain these computers.
The future of science lies in increasing quantum computing to undergo more complex functions.
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