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The Lake That Turns Living Things Into Stone – Tanzania’s Lake Natron

  • Writer: DHRUVI GOHIL
    DHRUVI GOHIL
  • 1 minute ago
  • 2 min read

At first glance, Lake Natron in northern Tanzania looks peaceful — a shimmering red and pink expanse under the African sun. But step too close, and this lake reveals its deadly secret. Its waters don’t just kill — they preserve. Birds, bats, and other creatures unlucky enough to touch its caustic surface are sometimes found eerily mummified, as though turned to stone. Lake Natron’s red color comes from pigment-producing microorganisms like

Dunaliella salina algae and Halobacteria.

Satellite view of Lake Natron
Satellite view of Lake Natron

What makes Lake Natron so deadly?


Lake Natron sits at the base of an active volcano, Ol Doinyo Lengai, whose eruptions release sodium carbonate and other alkaline minerals into the water. The result? A lake with a pH as high as 10.5 — comparable to household ammonia. Combined with blistering surface temperatures that can reach 60°C (140°F), it’s no surprise few forms of life dare to enter.

Ol Doinyo Lengai
Ol Doinyo Lengai

When animals accidentally plunge in, the extreme alkalinity can burn their skin and eyes. As the carcasses dry on the scorching shoreline, the minerals effectively "pickle" them, preserving every feather and feature. Photographer Nick Brandt captured haunting images of these calcified creatures — birds frozen mid-flight, bats locked in eternal rest.

Swan as Photographed by Nick Brandt at Lake Natron
Swan as Photographed by Nick Brandt at Lake Natron

But it’s not lifeless


Despite its deadly reputation, Lake Natron isn’t empty. In fact, it’s a paradise for lesser flamingos, which thrive in these hostile waters. The flamingos feed on cyanobacteria that bloom in the lake, and the salty environment helps keep predators at bay. Incredibly, this single lake is the largest breeding ground for lesser flamingos in the world. Life finds a way — even in places that seem utterly uninhabitable. Flamingos survive Lake Natron’s caustic waters because their tough skin, salt-tolerant legs, and special diet protect them where other animals perish. They nest on salt islands and avoid the lake’s most lethal zones.

Flamingos at Lake Natron
Flamingos at Lake Natron

A lake of legend and caution


To locals, Lake Natron is both sacred and dangerous. Its surface often glows blood-red due to salt-loving microorganisms, fueling eerie myths of a lake that "curses" anything that enters. Scientists, however, see it as a natural wonder — a glimpse into how life might adapt on other planets or ancient Earth, when alkaline lakes were more common.

Calcified birds at Lake Natron
Calcified birds at Lake Natron

Why Lake Natron matters


Beyond its mystery, Lake Natron is a fragile ecosystem. The flamingos that on it face threats from human activity, like proposed dam projects that could alter water flow. Protecting this lake means protecting one of Africa’s most iconic species and preserving a rare geological marvel.

Lake Natron
Lake Natron

The stone mirror of life and death


Lake Natron feels like something out of mythology — a mirror reflecting both the resilience and fragility of life. For most creatures, it’s a deadly trap. For flamingos, it’s a sanctuary. For scientists, it’s a living laboratory. And for those who dare to stand on its shimmering shores, it’s a reminder that nature still holds secrets stranger than fiction.


Until next time, stay happy and healthy!

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© 2023 by Sturmfreii (Dhruvi Gohil)

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